The South Beach diet was created in 2003 by Dr. Arthur Agatstan, a preventative
cardiologist and associate professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller school of Medicine. The South Beach diet is meant to provide lifelong change and has been updated to incorporate daily exercise. The diet focuses on eating low glycemic index carbohydrates, lean protein, healthy fats, and nutrient-dense, fiber rich fruits and vegetables. The diet has three phases: Phase one lasts two weeks and is meant to jumpstart the diet. This is the most restrictive phase. Almost all carbohydrates are eliminated. Lean protein, high fiber vegetables, low fat dairy and healthy unsaturated fats and oils are allowed. An eight to ten pound weight loss can be expected at the end of the first phase. If a person has ten pounds are less to lose they may skip the first phase and start the second phase. Phase two is a long term weight lost phase and lasts until a person’s goal weight is reached. Healthy carbohydrates such as whole-grain breads, whole wheat pasta, brown rice, fruits and vegetables are added during this phase. Weight loss of one to two pounds is expected during phase two. Phase three is the maintenance phase and is meant to be a healthy way to eat for life. Although, no foods are off limits during this phase and occasional indulgences are included, a person should continue to follow the principles learned in phase one and two. Professionals do not seem to have too many issues with the South Beach diet. Cindy Moore, RD, a director of nutrition therapy at Cleveland Clinic says that although weight loss in phase one is mainly due to water loss, the diet overall meets many criteria for a healthy diet because if doesn’t leave out any major food groups and it includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins. The diet also promotes lifelong change. Dawn Jackson Blatner, RD, an American Dietetic Association spokesperson agrees that the South Beach diet includes the behavioral changes necessary for a healthy lifestyle. She also adds the most Registered Dietitians advise clients to follow weight loss plans similar to recommendations found during the second and third phases of the South Beach diet. More information on the South Beach diet can be found at: http://www.southbeachdiet.com/sbd/publicsite/index.aspx References: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/south-beach-diet/MY00499 http://www.webmd.com/diet/south-beach-diet-what-it-is?page=2
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The Zone diet was created by Dr. Barry Sears, a former research scientist at the Boston University School of Medicine and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The diet is based off of his 25 years of lipids research. Dr. Sears published The Zone diet, in June 1995. The Zone diet was a #1 best seller on the New York Times book list, sold over 2 million copies and has been translated into 22 different languages.
The Zone diet is based on the belief that eating the wrong foods or the wrong amounts of foods will cause an imbalance of insulin and glucagon. This imbalance will cause cellular inflammation which causes cells to trap fat instead of releasing it for energy. The lack of energy being released is said to be the underlying cause for weight gain because people always feel hungry. If the proper foods are eaten in the proper amounts the levels of insulin and glucagon will make a person feel full and not eat as many calories so weight is lost. When in balance a person should feel full for 4-6 hours. The Zone diet does not have any calorie restrictions. The diet works by changing the amounts and types of food a person eats. The diet recommends that 35-45% of a person’s total calories come from carbohydrates, 25-35% from protein, and 30% or less come from fat. This is commonly referred to at the 40:30:30 plan. During a meal a person would fill 1/3 of their plate with 3-4oz of low fat protein and the remaining 2/3 with favorable carbohydrates such as fruits and vegetables. Grains and starches are treated as condiments and should only be whole grains. Small amounts of fats such as olive oil, canola oil, almonds, macadamia nuts and avocados are allowed. Food such bread, pizza, pasta, potatoes and rice should be avoided. There are Zone diet approved cookies, bars, cereals, bagels, bread, pasta, and pretzels for sale on the Zone diet website. Dr. Berry suggests fish oil, polyphenols, and condition specific micronutrient supplements be taken if they are lacking in the foods eaten on the diet. Many health professionals don’t endorse The Zone diet but find it more acceptable than some of the other fad diets because it is lower in fat and doesn’t severely restrict total calories. One large problem health professionals have with the diet is that there is not enough evidence to back up the scientific claims of the diet that hormones play a large role in weight reduction. Robert H Eckel MD, the American Heart Association’s chair of the Council on Nutrition, Physical activity and Metabolism said the diet has not been proven for long term weight loss. It restricts intake of essential vitamins and minerals and the 40:30:30 ratio is flawed. While the amount of fat is ok the protein is too high and the carbohydrates too low. Bonnie Liebman MS, the nutrition director for the Center for Science in the Public interest’s Nutrition Action Newsletter said that while the diet restricts carbohydrates more than necessary, if you ignore the unproven scientific claims the diet isn’t bad. The Zone diet’s website:www.zonediet.com -The website contains more information about the diet, recipes, a journal, dining out tips, Zone food and a list of Zone certified physicians. References: 1. www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52012 2.www.sciencedaily.com/articles/z/zone_diet.html 3.www.webmd.com/diet/zone-what-it-is 4.www.zonediet.com This week while on the internet I came across an article from www.dailymail.co.uk
talking about the latest diet gaining popularity in Britain. The diet is the ketogenic enteral nutrition or KEN diet. The diet works by sending the body into a state of starvation that forces the body to use its own fat for energy. A slow infusion of protein generates ketosis. The diet was started by Prof. Gianfranco Cappello, an associate professor of general surgery at the University of Rome’s La Sapienza hospital. The diet is very popular in Italy. There are 14 KEN centers in Italy and the diet has been used on over 33,000 people. Dr. Ray Shidrawi, a consultant physician and gastroenterologist for Homerton University Hospital NHS FoundationTrust in London is promoting the KEN diet. Dr. Shidrawi works with Wight Management Systems Ltd, a London based company that introduced the KEN diet to the UK and believes the KEN diet is the future for weight loss in the UK. No foods are allowed to be eaten on the KEN diet. To receive nutrients a small plastic tube is inserted up with nose. Two liters of a special liquid formula are dripped down into the stomach over 24 hours. An electric pump is used to hold formula and control the release rate. With the exception of carrying around a pump, a person can go about their normal daily activities. One hour of being disconnected from the pump is allowed for activities such as showering. Water and plain coffee or tea are allowed at any time. The KEN diet lasts 10 days. Four to nine percent of total body weight loss is expected per cycle. Multiple cycles can be done if a person wants to lose more weight. It is recommended that there should be 10 days off between each cycle. A healthy diet of regular food should be eaten in between the cycles. In the UK each cycle costs about $550 plus a refundable deposit of $470 for use of the pump. Dr. Shidrawi says the KEN diet is safe and is meant to be used for a limited time. The only people who should avoid the diet are those with kidney failure or an allergy to milk proteins. On the diet there is supposed to be no loss of muscle or hunger. Daily urine tests are done to monitor ketone levels. Some side effects are constipation due to the lack of fiber and feeling very tired. Laxatives are given to help with the constipation. The British Dietetic Association says that more evidence is needed showing the KEN diet is safe. Eleanor Donaldson, a National Health Service Dietitian says that a potential danger with the diet is that if the tube becomes dislodged then food could go into the lungs. She also notes that drastic weight lose is not good for the body. A spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association Helen Bond, RD agrees that weight should be lost slowly at a rate of 1-2 pounds per week. She believes the KEN diet is just the latest in fad diets. In order for long term weight loss success psychological and emotional reasons for over eating need to be addressed and the KEN diet does not do that. In the UK 60 patients have tried the KEN diet. With the diet’s popularity in Italy and now the interest in the UK, it will be interesting to see if KEN clinics will start to show up in the US. Dr. Shidrawi’s websites: http://www.shidrawi.co.uk/Weight-Loss http://www.weightmanagementsystems.co.uk Prof Gianfranco Cappello’s website: http://www.gianfranco-cappello.it/eindex2.html Articles on the KEN diet: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2110165/Ketogenic-Enteral-Nutrition-diet-NHS-specialist-recommends-fed-drip-lose-weight.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/wellbeing/8711645/Would-you-choose-the-drip-fed-diet-to-lose-weight.html In the past few years it has been hard to miss the advertising from Kellogg for the
Special K Challenge since it’s everywhere. Kellogg introduced Special K cereal in the US in the 1950’s and in recent years the Special K product line has expanded to include multiple cereal flavors, cereal bars, meal bars, snack bars, fruit crisps, granola bars, crackers, chips, protein shakes and protein water mixes. Special K has gone from being from just a cereal to being part of a weight loss plan. The Special K Challenge claims you can lose 6 pounds in two weeks by replacing two meals and two snacks with Special K products and then eating one regular meal. You are also encouraged to eat fruits and vegetables throughout the day. The Special K diet enables people to lose weight by providing portion and calorie control. The diet is meant to help jumpstart weight loss or to help people that just need to lose a few pounds. It is not designed to be a long term weight loss program. According to Kathleen M. Zelman, MPH, RD, LD, the director of nutrition for WebMD, experts agree that there is no harm in using the Special K diet for a couple weeks to transition into a more balanced weight loss plan. It may also be good for people to skip breakfast because eating breakfast can play an important part in being successful in controlling weight. There are some problems that experts see with the diet. The Special K diet does not provide any guidance on exercise or building long term healthy eating habits. The Special K diet can also be high in carbohydrates and low in fiber and protein. Kellogg did recently introduce a Special K Protein Plus cereal that provides 10g of protein per ¾ cup serving. However, with other products being lower in protein and fiber dieters may tend to be very hungry while on the diet and could be tempted to overeat. One example of where a person could follow the diet but still overeat would be on the third meal where there is freedom in the foods that can be eaten. To help dieters make more healthful choice during their third meal Special K provides recipes on their website www.specialk.com. I did find it nice that they provide the options of easy, adventurous, and vegetarian recipes. The website allows you to create a free online profile where you can track weight loss progress, share stories, and get suggestions of what to eat for each meal and snack for each day of the two week diet. I found two things really interesting while playing around on the website. First I noticed that if a person was to follow the meal and snack suggestions exactly as given a person would consume between 1200-1300 calories per day. 1200 calories a day is usually the lowest a health professional would recommend consuming. The second thing I found interesting was that the Special K instruction page on their website says that a person can drink beverages like normal. I thought it was strange that there was no suggestion of limiting or cutting out high calories beverages. Too many sugary drinks like soda could hinder weight loss. This is an example taken from the Special K website of what you would eat in a day on the Special K diet: · Breakfast Special K® Original Cereal Breakfast with Milk and Fruit Morning Snack Special K™ Fruit Crisps: Strawberry Lunch Special K™ Honey Almond Protein Meal Bar Lunch AfternoonSnack Special K™ Multi-Grain Cracker Snack Dinner Grilled Salmon with Leek Risotto Dinner A serving of cereal on the diet is usually ¾ to 1 cup with ¾ cup of nonfat milk Overall, the Special K diet has easy to follow instructions provides some freedom in food choices, and while it may not be the most nutritionally balanced diet it does not seem to be quite as dangerous as some of the other fad diets out there if it is followed only for the intended two weeks. References: www.webmd.com/diet/features/the-special-k-challenge www.mayoclinic.com/health/speical-k-diet/AN02094 www.speicalk.com |
AuthorHello! My name is Kimberly Rogers and I am a Dietetics student at Kansas State University. ArchivesCategories |